Oil-feeding mechanism for internal-combustion engines.



I. 4c. SHAW. OIL FEEDING MECHANISIII FOR INTERNAL COMBUSIION ENGINES.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 28. I9I7. 1,290,374.. Patented Jan. 7,1919. 3 SHEETS-SHEEI l'.

INI/Enron daf/Af C. .Sl/AW Patented Jan. 7, 1919.

3 SHEETS-SHEEI 2.

I. C. SHAW OII. FEEDING MECHANISM FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES. APPLICATION FILED FEB. 23. IBI?. 1,290,374.

1.1:. SHAW.. OIL FEEUiNC MCHANISM FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES.

' APPLlcAnoN man rEB.2a.19u. N f

Patented Jau. 1919.

a SHEETS-snm s.

WITNESSES Arronwfrs To all whom may concern:

.lo Speed is to be that accurately increasing yUnrrnn srarns Joan c. sns-w, `or encontrare, und' PATENitv OFFICE.

`Y,ORK, ASSIlGrNORl T0 KELLER MECHANICAL v ENGBAVING'COMPANY, OF BROOKLYN, NEW- YORK, CORPORATION NEW YORK Be itfknown that I, JoHN C. SntAW, a V`citizen of the United States, residing 1n Brooklyn,

.Improvements in Cil-Feeding. Mechanism for Internal-Combustion Engines, ofwhicli theI following is a specification.

bustion engines which employ liquid fuel and, in which the fuel, usually but not'necessariiy oi1,.is injected or otherwise placed as a Solid inthe explosion cylinder, just before each powerstroke, tobe there` vaporized and burned.l In engines of this type it isv essential, if the are to operate" etliciently and econornl- Ical y, as also if they are to burnthe fuel completely so ast avoidv carbon deposits in the cy1inder,' that the fuelbe very minutely subdivided immediately beforepr -afteri't entersthe combustion cylinder. l This is be- 'cause instant and complete vaporization is necessary and can only take place .where the voil masses It is also necessary, to 'the same ends, that -the quantity of foreach power stroke should very accurately correspond to the instant load` iff constant i attained. Since the actual masses or volumes of oil required for each 'power stroke,l even in engines of considerablesize, are quite small, it is. readily 'seen or decreasing by a definite amount such masses for successive power strokes, lin order to accurately correspond to'the demands oi a varying load, is a roblem of no mean order. .,o the problem as have thus far been oiered have notbeen altogether satisfactory. Itfis'the'obj'ect of the present invention to provide a means for positively feeding to the combustion cylinder, at an appropriate time during each power stroke, a determined number of exceedingly lminute masses of oilyfthe individual masses being so small that they tend extreme readiness when vstanced, and the number masses being determined strictly and auto# matically' to correspond with thef load at that particular instant ottime. A

' .A further'object of my invention is to So suitably circum- I Specification o' Letters 'Patent'.

Kings county,y State of Newl l5 York, have invented certain' new and :useful My invention relates tn internalj com-l more especially, to'engines of this class.

'the oil Into th 'spacedperipheral lto be vaporized, are Very minute;

oil fed into the 'cylinder `masses in to the cylinder. `tance traveled-by the rod Such solutions to vaporize with.

- acting pump i geared of. said minute t rammed-Jan. 7, 191e'.

v .application iled '.Elfebruary 23, 1 917. Serial No. 150,459.1

' arrange a feed means as specified that it automatically charges itself With/thejrequisite supply of oil for each successive power stroke so that no independent pump is required.`

Still a further. object of-my vinvention is to so combine a feed means as specified with oil power an air pump, directly connected with and operated bythe engine,'that no air storage'- is required and so'that:l the requisite supply oair, at the proper pressure,

e combustion engine is sup.- plied Whenand only when it is needed.

Still other objects of the invention will appear as the specification proceeds. Briefly described my invention comprises a rod, slidably engaged with a suitable bore for feedingin .the cylinder head' andiproxrided with ai. plurality of veryshallow and very narrow grooves forming, 'with the Wall of the bore, -a plurality of chambers, each of very minute volume. A compressed air inlet passage opens into thetop Wall ofv the bore While a similar passageo ens-o Jositely from the bottom p pl the explosion cylinder. The

grooves being filled with oil, the of the rod alongthe bore during individual movement the early Wall of the bore into part of the power stroke-causes said grooves v to be quickly the passages referred to so thatair entering at the .inlet sweeps. the groovecontained oil The' lineal disfor eachl feed and successively' dravvn'p'ast stroke and, hence the 'number- 0f "grooves passingv the injecting passages, is controlled by a governor of usual '.type in accordance with the load demands.

The grooved rod is so arranged, with reference to the -oil reservoir that it not only serves to divide and lhold4 the oil masses but it'also serves as a pump piston to Withdraw the oil from. the reservoir and force it into the grooves.

The necessaryair for injectingV the oil masses is preferably obtained byfconnecting theair inlet passage above referred to to the 4compression end directly to the engine.

arrange this. pump so that its' Working cycle agrees With that ofthe engine and so its piston completes a compression stroke just as the piston ofthe combustion cylinder egins its power stroke. There isthus an of a very small single V time.

My invention will be better understood by referring to the accompanying drawings 1n which Figures 1 and 2 represent respectively a side and end elevation of a single cylinder four cycle oil engine equipped with a. preferred form of my invention; Fig. 3 represents a artial section, twice enlarged,taken along tie line 3-3 of Fig. 1; Fig. 4 represents a partial section, twice enlarged, taken through the upper part of Fig. 1 (along a line 4-4) at a time such as to show the position of the feed rod with relation to the engine piston at the beginning of a power stroke; Fig. 5 represents a horizontal section takenalong the line 5 5 of Fig. 4; Fig. 6' represents a section, similar to Fig. 4 but at right angles thereto, being taken along .the line 6-6 of Fig. l; and F ig. 7 represents a secti0nv similar to Fig. 5, taken along the line 7-7 of Fig. 6,

Referring to the drawings, I have shown, and am about to describe, my: invention as applied to a vertical single cylinder engine of' he four cycle 'type arranged to burn oil fue v' The engine comprises a cylinder 1, of

usual construction, provided with a piston 2 having a disk like extension or ignition het plate 3 joined to its 'inner end by a connection of small crosssection. A crank shaft 4, of usual construction, is connected to the piston by the usualconnecting rod and carries the usual fly wheel 5.

Mounted at the end of the cylinder is asmall single acting air pump 6, having a pistpn 7, joined by a connecting rod S to a gear Wheel 9 which meshes with a similar gear 10, half the diameter of 9, fixed to the crank shaft. The number of strokes of the air pump will therefore 4be just half the num ber of strokes of the engine piston. By suitably is possible to so arrange that the air pump shall complete each compressionstrbke just as the engine piston is beginning to make its'power stroke.

The cylinder head is provided with an accurate central cylindrical bore 10' in Which an accii-rately ground and fitted feed rod 11 is adapted to slide linearly. This rod 1l is provided with a plurality of narrow, shallow and closely spaced peripheral grooves l2, these extremity of the rod at 13 and extending for a suitable distance to a. point 14.

rllie end of hoi'e 10 is connected, through a short vertical passagel, with a passage 16 directlyundcr bore l0 and parallel therewith. This passage 1bl extends nearly te the center of the cylinder and a short passage 17 connects it near its inner end with a bore reservoir.

timing the engine and air pump vwith reference to one another, therefore, -it

gr/ioves beginning near the outer outer end of bore 10 also opens into a short passage 20 leading from the upper end of a pipe or passage 21 connected with the oil A ball check valve 22 closes the top oflpassag'e 21 and permits oi1 t be drawn therefrom while preventing its return. ySimilarly a lall check valve 22 h es at the inner end of passage 19 and permits oil to be driven into said pipe through the passage while preventing any oil from be" ing drawn therethrough from the reservoir.

One end of feed rod 11 extends outside off the cylinder head and is joined by a pivotally connected link 23, to one arm 24 of a bell crank lever rockingfon a. shaft xedly supported by the cylinder l; theV other arm of this lever, 25, is connected .by

'a ball joint 26 to an operatin rod 27 the lower end of which is attache to ablock 28 that is slidably engaged in a transversely disposed curved. slot in a lift member 29 having one end pivoted to the crank case at 30. The oth'er end of lift member 29 is provided with an extension 31 lying against a cani 32 having a suitablyformed cam tooth 33.. As shown in 'the several figures of the drawing, the cam tooth is just about to 4engage th.` extension 3 1` and liftthe member 29, tlu pushing rod 27 upwardly and moving o 1l outwardly.

In the very center of the cylinder head is a vertical passage 34 which leads from the compression space of the cylinder through the lower wall of bore 10. A similar short passage 35, opposite passage 34, leads from the 4top of bore l0 to a pipe 36 connecting with the compression space 37 of the air pump. ,This should preferably be con- -trolled by a check 'valve 37 to prevent oil being driven 'back inte said compression space 37 or pipe 36.

Thev lower end of operating rod 27 is connected by a link 38 with one arm 39 of a bell. crank lever the other arm of which 40 is engaged by a member 41 controlled by a governor 42 upon the crank shaft. As

the speed of 'the engine increases or de-` creases, as the. case may be, the governor balls will position. themselves on a circle ofl correspondingly greater or less diameter, thus causing member 41 to push lever-40 outwardly it' the speed increases or permitL ting itl to come inwardly if the speed Clecreases.

This mbvement of lever 40 will correspondingly carry the lower end of rod 27 nearer the inner end of lift meinber29thu's causing the length of stroke of feed rod 11 to decrease, or toward the pivotal end of lift member 29, thus causing the length' of .sroke of feed rod 11 to decrease. l

.lt has' already been stated that the drawings show the various parts in the positions 'they would. occupy `inst as the englne piston has started on itsptwer stroke and the air 'feed rod 11 should also be assumed to be full ofl fueloil. As the engine piston 2 moves downwardly the cam shaft 32 revolves thus engaging cam il' tooth 33 with lift member Qd'which is raised gether and the movement of the rod 11 very 'quicln thev minutely subdivided masses of so as'to slide rod 11 linearly outwardly or' to the right (Fig. 4). `As eachl groove passes l I pressed in the pump Compression space 37,]

between passages 34 and 35, the air coma'nd in Vthe pipe`36, 'is admitted to the .oil groove and forces oil through passage 34 at highv velocity intol the cylinder end and aoainst the hot pla 3-where it is shattered and vaporized. The grooves being close to.-

oil containedinthe successive grooves are shot into the combustion space at intervals of time which ydo not appreeiably differ from one another. The oil is thus verycompletely and quickly. vaporized.

The out or feed stroke of the feed rod l1 is completed and all of the oil is in the combustion space before the Vpiston has gotten very far on its power stroke. The maXi-. mum length of that portion of the strokeover which the1 oil feedingl is extended can,

'of course, be given any desired value, in 'the' `original construction of the engine, by suit-g ably determining the cam tooth During the remainderof the power stroke and during as.much of the succeeding scavenging and suction strokes as may be thought best the feed rod l1 `is being returned to the original vposition shown in Fig. 4. The

'length of time taken. to complete this return is, of course, also determined by tbe shape of the c am tooth 33.

'As the operating rod 11 .thus moves inwardly (to the left, Fig'. 4) the emptied grooves' are, successively, again carried past the passages 35 and3l. However, there vis no dangerof any oil, which may have remained in the grooves, being injected into the combustion cylinder at thistime so as to cause premature combustion, inasmuch as the air pump piston is now on its out strolre so that there is no compressed air available for throwing this remanent oil into the cylinder. As soon as theV grooves reach passages 1'7. and 13. connecting' the lower passage itl-'with the upper oil reservoir pipe 19,

oil will be forced-by the continued inward movement of rod ll., out of passage 16 4through passage il' into the grooves and across through passage 13. past check valve 22 inte pipe 19.' Any air in the grooves will iietliis way be driven pest the checkl tuted for hot plate 3.

prises two divergent channels 44, of very small diameter which converge'again, so as to meet at substantially right angles to oneanother, just as they open into the cylinder. The entering fuel divides between these two channels and the' two jets thus determined are driven forcibly against one another by 'the compressed airA behind them so as to mutually shatter one another into a fine 80 -spraylending itself readily to vaporizat-ion,

lllhile my invention is illustrated Lindnescribed as applied to a single cylindeilwengine, it is obvious that'itmay be readily adapted to an engine with any number of cylinders.' Furthermore, by 'using a suitable system of valves to control the several air and oil passagesa single feed rod may be used to supply fuel to two separate power cylinders` since these cylinders .require their, fuel at different times. Similarly, the invention is applicableto any engine driven byliquid fuel, whether such fuel be an oil, in the usual sense of the word, or otherwise. By varying'. the diameter of the fuelA and pump Yrod as also, by varying'the number and dimensions of its grooves, a verywide range in the amount and character of the fuel supply may be obtained.

instead of grooves,.other forms of spaced fuel storage recesses-of small capacity may be substituted therefor.

ny usual ignition system may be substis Having described claim 1. In combination, in an internal combustion engine, a cylinder provided with a bore closed at'one end, a linearly slidable combined pump and feed rod having aplurality ,110 of spaced parallel grooves fitted within said bore, an inlet passage connected with an oil supply and controlled by a check valve opening into the working space ofsaid bore at the end of said rod, inlet and outlet openings disposed opposite one another in said bore., thev former connected with an air supply and the latter `with the combustionspace, a .second pair of opposite inlet and outlet openingszin saidbore the former connected Y with the aforesaid working space and the latter with the aforesaid oil supply and being' further controlled by a cheek valve, and means driven by the engine for reciprocating said rod synchronously with the engine 1 25 and to an extent varying with each power stroke according to the load.

2. ln combination, in an internal combustion engine, a cylinder provided with a bore vclosed at one end, a linearly slidable oommy invention` 105l binecl puinp'and feed rod having a plurality ot spaced parallel grooves fitted `within said bore. an inlet passage connected with an oil supply and controlled 'by a check valve open-- tion space, means for supplying compressed.

air to said inlet during the power stroke of the engine, a second pairof opposite inlet and outlet openings in said bore the former connected with the aforesaid Working space and the latter with the aforesaid oil supply and being further controlled by a check valve, and means driven by the engine `for reciprocating said rod synchronously with the engine and to an ext/ent varying with,` y

' and the latter adapted to be-connected with each power stroke accordingto the load.,

In combination, in aninteainal cgmbustion engine, a cylinder provided'with a bore closed 'at one end, a linearly slidable combined pump and feed rod having'a plurality of spaced parallel grooves fitted Within said bore, an inlet passage connected With an oil supply and controlled by a check valve open! inginto the Working space of said bore at the end of said rod, inlet and outlet openings disposed ropposite one another in said bore the latter being connected with the Combustion space, an air pump having its compression` space connected with saidv Ainlet and timed with relation to the engine so that its compression stroke is substantially conipleted as the engine'power stroke begins, a second pair of opposite inlet and outlet openings in said bore the former connected with the aforesaid working space and the latter with the aiz'oresaid oil supply andbe'y' ing further controlled by a check valve, and` means drivenby the engine for reciprocating said rod synchronously with the engine and po'werstroke ing provided with aboi'e serving as a pump cylinder, a linearly slidable rod in said bore having a' plurality of space d parallel grooves and serving Ias a piston, an inlet opening controlled by a check valve and adapted to be:

connected to an oil reservoir `for theworking space at the end of the bore, inlet'and outlet 'Y openings disposed opposite one another in said bore the former adapted to be connected with an air supply and the latter adapted'to 'be connected withl the engine combustion space, and a second pair of opposite inlet and outlet openingsfin said bore the former QQimoted with the aforesaid Working space the aforesaid oil supply and being furthe.: controlled by a check valve. o 5. In combination, in an internal combustion engine, an oil supply, a cylinder provided with .a boreclosed at one end, aslidable combined pump and feed rod having a plurality of spaced grooves itted Within said bore,pinlet and` outlet openings disposed opposite one another in said bore, the fori'n'ei' connected with an airrsupply dnd the latter with lthecombustion space, a second pair of inlet and outlet openings in said bore, the formerconnected with the working space at `the end of the rod and the latter with the oil supply, said oil supply being also co 'nectedv with said working space and coi trolled by a check valve,- and means gio' trolled by the, engine for giving said rca a oscillatory ,movement 'synchronous there if.

with. y l

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set 

